New disputes delay Iraqi oil bill
Attempts to pass a key oil law sought by the United States were snarled once more today by deep differences between Iraq’s Sunni, Shiite and Kurdish leaders, delaying parliament debate on the benchmark legislation despite the prime minister’s claims of a breakthrough.
Despite heavy US pressure, Prime Minister Nouri Maliki has struggled for months to get members of his coalition together behind the bill, part of a long-delayed political package that the Bush administration hopes will reconcile Iraq’s Sunni Arab minority with the government, reduce support for the insurgency and ease the country’s violence.
Parliament failed to start debate on the bill today, despite Maliki’s announcement the day before that it would. The acting speaker, Khaled al-Attiya, said he expected it to be sent Thursday to the legislature, where it would be put to a committee.
Maliki said yesterday that his Cabinet had unanimously approved a draft of the law, raising hopes that major progress had been made – US President George Bush phoned the prime minister to thank him for the step. But almost immediately Sunni and Kurdish members of his coalition said they were not yet on board.
The influential Sunni organisation, the Association of Muslim Scholars, issued a fatwa, or religious edict, blasting the bill as “religiously forbidden” and warned that anyone those who back it “anger God for usurping public money.”
The wrangling over the bill is so tough because it hits on the most contentious question over the future shape of Iraq – how to balance power between the central government and the country’s regions, divided on sectarian and ethnic lines. The demands of each side – Shiite, Sunni and Kurdish – for the bill are far apart, and often mutually exclusive.
The law aims to regulate Iraq’s oil industry and will determine the central government’s role, and companion legislation that is nearly finalised sets how oil wealth will be distributed between the country’s regions.
Iraq’s Sunni minority, centred in parts of the country with few proven reserves, fear Shiites and Kurds in the oil-rich south and north will monopolise profits from the industry – and so want a stronger federal role to ensure a Sunni say in how the fields are run.
The Kurds, in particular, want control of potentially lucrative future discoveries of reserves in their northern enclave.
Further complicating the negotiations are other political disputes. Maliki’s main Sunni coalition partner, the Iraqi Accordance Front, was not present when the Cabinet approved the draft because it is boycotting meetings in a dispute over an arrest warrant issued against the Sunni culture minister.
An Accordance Front leader warned Wednesday that no draft should be considered until the Sunnis sign on.
“Any draft law that is approved in the absence of the Iraqi Accordance Front only represents the groups that approved it,” Khalaf al-Ilyan told Sharqiya television. “If there are some who want to cancel the voices of half of the Iraqi people then they take the responsibility.”
Al-Maliki may have pushed the bill through the Cabinet in an attempt to force the Accordance Front to end its boycott.
However, the Kurds also objected, fearing concessions had been made to the Sunnis. The Kurdistan Regional Government warned it would oppose the bill if it made “material and substantive changes” to an outline agreed upon during weeks of negotiations.
Meanwhile, the Shiite party loyal to anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, which opposes too much decentralisation, outright rejected the draft, saying it “left nothing of Iraq’s unity".
Al-Maliki can still put together enough votes to get the legislation through parliament, where the Accordance Front, the Sadrists and the Kurdish parties hold 127 of the 275 seats.
However, passage over vocal opposition from one of the major blocs – such as the Sunnis – would mean a failure of the legislation’s broader goal of reconciliation.
The oil bill is the first of the political benchmarks that Bush has pressed al-Maliki to meet, along with opening jobs to Sunnis who supported Saddam, amending the constitution to satisfy Sunni aspirations and holding local elections.
The Iraqis pledged to meet the benchmarks by the end of last year but failed due to political haggling and the security crisis.
Besides bringing together Iraqis, US officials are also hoping progress on the benchmarks will show the American public – where support for the war is dropping – that Bush’s strategy is working.
Bush ordered 28,000 more US troops to Iraq this year to launch security crackdowns in Baghdad and north and south of the capital aimed at tamping down insurgents enough to allow political agreement.
The offensives have boosted American casualties, although the number of bombings and shootings has fallen in the city in recent days.
As US troops in some bases marked the July 4 holiday, a solider was killed during combat operations in southern Baghdad, the military said, without providing details. His death brought to 3,585 the number of members of the US military have died since the beginning of the Iraq war in March 2003, according to an Associated Press count.
US forces killed 10 insurgents in a raid earlier today on a suspected al-Qaida hideout in western Anbar province, the military said in a statement. In a separate battle earlier this week, US troops killed 25 insurgents outside the city of Baqouba, north-east of Baghdad, the military said.
Three suicide car bombers hit police checkpoints in Baghdad and the western cities of Ramadi and Habbaniyah, killing eight policemen and two civilians. A car bomb hit a popular restaurant outside the northern town of Beiji on the highway to Baghdad, killing three civilians and wounding 12 people.
In northern Iraq, police found the bodies of two members of the minority Yazidi religious sect who had been reported kidnapped three days earlier in the city of Mosul, police said. The bullet-riddled body of an abducted police colonel, a Sunni Kurd, was found in Baghdad.
