The Federal Reserve has cut its benchmark interest rate by an unusually large half-point, a dramatic shift after more than two years of high rates helped tame inflation but that also made borrowing painfully expensive for American consumers.
The rate cut, the Fed’s first in more than four years, reflects its new focus on bolstering the job market, which has shown clear signs of slowing.
Coming just weeks before the presidential election, the Fed’s move also has the potential to scramble the economic landscape just as Americans prepare to vote.
The central bank’s action lowered its key rate to roughly 4.8 per cent, down from a two-decade high of 5.3 per cent, where it had stood for 14 months as it struggled to curb the worst inflation streak in four decades.
Inflation has tumbled from a peak of 9.1 per cent in mid-2022 to a three-year low of 2.5 per cent in August, not far above the Fed’s 2 per cent target.
The Fed’s policymakers also signalled that they expect to cut their key rate by an additional half-point in their final two meetings this year, in November and December.
And they envision four more rate cuts in 2025 and two in 2026.
In a statement, the Fed came closer than it has before to declaring victory over inflation: It said it “has gained greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 per cent”.
Though the central bank now believes inflation is largely defeated, many Americans remain upset with still-high prices for groceries, fuel, rent and other necessities.
Former president Donald Trump blames the Biden-Harris administration for sparking an inflationary surge. Vice President Kamala Harris, in turn, has charged that Mr Trump’s promise to slap tariffs on all imports would raise prices for consumers even further.
Rate cuts by the Fed should, over time, lower borrowing costs for mortgages, auto loans and credit cards, boosting Americans’ finances and supporting more spending and growth.
Homeowners will be able to refinance mortgages at lower rates, saving on monthly payments, and even shift credit card debt to lower-cost personal loans or home equity lines.
Businesses may also borrow and invest more.
Average mortgage rates have already dropped to an 18-month low of 6.2 per cent, according to Freddie Mac, spurring a jump in demand for refinancings.
