Two separate protests were held outside Leinster House as TDs returned after the Christmas break.
The Ireland-Palestine Solidarity Campaign held a demonstration on Merrion Street to voice their criticism of the killing of thousands of Palestinians in Gaza as Israel bombs and blockades the region.
The sound of bombs and explosions were played out of speakers as protesters walked in a single line holding signs with slogans including “end Gaza genocide” and of accusing the government of inaction.
At the Kildare Street entrance to Leinster House, an anti-government protest was held where demonstrators held signs calling for “free speech” and appearing to accuse Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, Tánaiste Micheál Martin and Minister Eamon Ryan of being “quislings”.
The protests were held as the Dáil returned at 2pm, with Social Protection Minister Heather Humphreys taking the set piece of the day, Leaders’ Questions, facing questions from Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald.