Rifts are emerging among top Israeli officials over the handling of the war against Hamas in Gaza.
A member of the country’s war cabinet cast doubt over the strategy for releasing hostages and Israel’s prime minister rejected the US’s calls to scale back its offensive.
Only a ceasefire deal can win the release of dozens of hostages still held by Islamic militants in Gaza, and claims they could be freed by other means was spreading “illusions”, said former army chief Gadi Eisenkot, one of four members of the war cabinet, in his first public statements on the course of the war.
Mr Eisenkot’s comments late on Thursday are the latest sign of disagreement among political and military leaders over the direction of Israel’s offensive on Hamas, now in its fourth month.
Sparked by an unprecedented October 7th Hamas raid into Israel which killed about 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and saw about 250 others taken hostage, the Israeli assault has pulverised much of the Gaza Strip, home to some 2.3 million people.
Israel has said more than 130 hostages remain in Gaza but not all of them are believed to be alive.
Israel’s offensive, one of the deadliest and most destructive military campaigns in recent history, has killed nearly 25,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza health authorities, and uprooted more than 80 per cent of the territory’s population.
Israel has also cut off all but a trickle of supplies into the besieged Gaza Strip, including food, water and fuel.
Several dozen lorries with critical supplies now enter the territory each day, just a fraction of the pre-war volume of about 500.
Both the US and United Nations have said more aid needs to be delivered.
A communications blackout in the territory was in its seventh day on Friday, the longest such blackout since the war began. The lack of communications hampers the co-ordination of aid deliveries and rescue efforts.
The US, Israel’s closest ally, has provided strong military and political support for the campaign but has been increasingly calling on Israel to scale back its assault and take steps toward establishing a Palestinian state after the war — a suggestion Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu has soundly rejected.
Speaking during a nationally televised press conference on Thursday, Mr Netanyahu reiterated his longstanding opposition to a two-state solution, arguing that a Palestinian state would become a launchpad for attacks on Israel.
Israel “must have security control over the entire territory west of the Jordan River”, Mr Netanyahu said, adding: “That collides with the idea of sovereignty. What can we do?”
The US has said the internationally recognised Palestinian Authority, which governs semi-autonomous zones in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, should be “revitalised” and return to Gaza. Hamas ousted the authority from Gaza in 2007.
Washington has also called for steps toward the establishment of a Palestinian state. The Palestinians seek Gaza, the West Bank and east Jerusalem for their state. Those areas were captured by Israel in 1967.
Speaking on Wednesday at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, US secretary of state Antony Blinken said the two-state solution is the best way to protect Israel, unify moderate Arab countries and isolate Israel’s arch-enemy, Iran.
He said that without a pathway to a Palestinian state, Israel will not “get genuine security”.
At the same conference, Saudi Arabia’s foreign minister said the kingdom is ready to establish full relations with Israel as part of a larger political agreement.
“But that can only happen through peace for the Palestinians, through a Palestinian state,” he said.
A spokesperson for Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, who heads the Palestinian Authority, said late on Thursday that there can be “no security and stability in the region” without a Palestinian state.
Mr Netanyahu and defence minister Yoav Gallant have said the fighting will continue until Hamas is crushed, and argue that only military action can win the hostages’ release.
Hamas seeks an end to the war before discussing hostage releases and has demanded the release of thousands of Palestinians imprisoned by Israel in exchange for those held captive in Gaza.
Commentators have begun to question whether Mr Netanyahu’s objectives are realistic, given the slow pace of the offensive and growing international criticism, including genocide accusations at the United Nations world court, which Israel vehemently denies.
Mr Netanyahu’s opponents accuse him of delaying any discussion of postwar scenarios in order to avoid looming investigations of governmental failures, keep his coalition intact and put off elections.
Polls show that the popularity of Mr Netanyahu, who is on trial for corruption charges, has plummeted during the war.
Mr Eisenkot, whose son was killed in December in Gaza, told the investigative programme Uvda on Israel’s Channel 12 television station late on Thursday that “the hostages will only return alive if there is a deal, linked to a significant pause in fighting”.
He said dramatic rescue operations are unlikely because the hostages are apparently spread out, many of them in underground tunnels.
Claiming hostages can be freed by means other than a deal “is to spread illusions”, he said.
In a thinly veiled criticism of Mr Netanyahu, Mr Eisenkot also said strategic decisions about the war’s direction must be made urgently, and that a discussion about an endgame should have begun immediately after the war began.
He also dismissed suggestions that the military has delivered a decisive blow against Hamas.
Mr Gallant has said troops disabled the Hamas command structure in northern Gaza, from where significant numbers of troops were withdrawn earlier in the week, and the focus is now on the southern half of the territory.
“We haven’t yet reached a strategic achievement, or rather only partially,” Mr Eisenkot said. “We did not bring down Hamas.”
The militant group has continued to fight back across Gaza, even in the most devastated areas, and launched rockets into Israel.
The former army chief said he is examining every day whether he should remain in the war cabinet, which includes Mr Netanyahu, Mr Gallant and former defence minister Benny Gantz. Mr Eisenkot is a member of parliament in the opposition National Unity alliance headed by Mr Gantz. Both joined Mr Netanyahu to help lead the war.
“I know what my red line is,” Mr Eisenkot said when asked at what point he would quit. “It’s connected to the hostages, that is one of the objectives, but it’s also connected to the way in which we need to run this war.”
The war has rippled across the Middle East, with Iranian-backed groups attacking US and Israeli targets. Fighting between Israel and Hizbullah militants in Lebanon threatens to erupt into all-out war, and Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen continue to target international shipping despite US-led airstrikes.
The US conducted a fifth strike against Houthi rebels in Yemen on Thursday, even as President Joe Biden acknowledged that bombing the militants has yet to stop their attacks on shipping in the crucial Red Sea corridor.
