Male joggers, swimmers and cyclists could be cutting their risk of nine cancers, a new study suggests.
Researchers found that men with good cardiorespiratory fitness are far less likely to go on to develop cancers of the head and neck, stomach, pancreas, liver, bowel, rectum, kidney, lung and oesophagus.
Cardiorespiratory fitness refers to a person’s ability to do aerobic exercise, such as running, cycling and swimming for sustained periods, or even to climb stairs.
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The new study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, saw experts from Sweden track just over a million men for an average of 33 years.
The men involved in the study were conscripted to military service in Sweden between 1968 and 2005.
At the start of their conscription the men underwent a battery of tests assessing a number of factors including their height, weight, blood pressure, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness.
During the follow-up period, about 84,000 developed cancer.
Researchers found that, compared with those with low cardiorespiratory fitness, men with a higher level of cardiorespiratory fitness were:
– 19 per cent less likely to develop head and neck cancer.
– 39 per cent less likely to develop cancer of the oesophagus (food pipe).
– 21 per cent less likely to develop stomach cancer.
– 40 per cent less likely to have liver cancer.
– 18 per cent less likely to develop bowel cancer and 5% less likely to develop cancer of the rectum
– 20 per cent less likely to develop kidney cancer.
– 42 per cent less likely to develop lung cancer.
– 12 per cent less likely to develop pancreatic cancer.
“These results could be used in public health policymaking, further strengthening the incentive for promoting interventions aimed at increasing [cardiorespiratory fitness] in youth,” the authors wrote.
The researchers did find that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was linked to a slight (7 per cent) increased risk of prostate cancer and a 31 per cent increased risk of skin cancer.
A previous study examining the same data set suggested the slight increase in risk for prostate cancer was not linked to a higher rate of aggressive prostate cancer or prostate cancer death, and could be attributable to increased screening.
The authors suggested a higher skin cancer rate could be explained due to “higher UV exposure”.
