The US will close the last avenue for Russia to pay its billions in debt back to international investors on Wednesday, making a Russian default on its debts for the first time since the Bolshevik Revolution all but inevitable.
The Treasury Department said in a notification that it does not plan to renew the licence to allow Russia to keep paying its debtholders through American banks.
Since the first rounds of sanctions, the Treasury Department has given banks a licence to process any bond payments from Russia.
That window expires at midnight on May 25th.
There had already been signs that the Biden administration was unwilling to extend the deadline.
At a press conference heading into the Group of Seven finance minister meetings in Koenigswinter, Germany, last week, treasury secretary Janet Yellen said the window existed “to allow a period of time for an orderly transition to take place, and for investors to be able to sell securities”.
“The expectation was that it was time-limited,” Ms Yellen said.
Without the licence to use US banks to pay its debts, Russia would have no ability to repay its international bond investors.
The Kremlin has been using JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup as its conduits to pay its obligations.
Jay Auslander, a prominent sovereign debt lawyer who previously litigated other debt crises such as the one in Argentina, said at this point most of the institutional investors in Russian debts are likely to have sold their holdings, knowing this deadline is coming.
Those who are still holding the debts are either distressed debt investors or those willing to wait to litigate it out over the next few years.
“The majority who wanted out have gotten out. The only issue is finding buyers,” he said.
The Kremlin appears to have foreseen the likelihood that the US would not allow Russia to keep paying on its bonds.
The Russian Finance Ministry prepaid two bonds on Friday that were due this month to get ahead of the May 25th deadline.
The next payments Russia will need to make on its debts are due on June 23rd.
Like other Russian debt, those bonds have a 30-day grace period – which would cause default by Russia to be declared by late July, barring the unlikely scenario that the Russia-Ukraine war would come to an end before then.
Investors have been almost certain of Russia going into default for months now.
Insurance contracts that cover Russian debt have priced an 80% likelihood of default for weeks and rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s have placed the country’s debt deep into junk territory.
Russia has not defaulted on its international debts since the 1917 Revolution, when the Russian Empire collapsed and the Soviet Union was created.
Russia defaulted on its domestic debts in the late 1990s during the Asian Financial Crisis, but was able to recover from that default with the help of international aid.
