Ukrainian and Russian forces were entrenched in eastern Ukrainian battlegrounds on Wednesday, a day of commemoration in both countries to mark the anniversary of Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941.
Fighting in the months-long war has favoured Russia in recent weeks because of its huge edge in artillery firepower, a fact Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskiy acknowledged in a late Tuesday address.
"Thanks to tactical manoeuvres the Ukrainian army is strengthening its defences in the Luhansk region," he said. "That is really the toughest spot. The occupiers are also pressing strongly in the direction of Donetsk."
Luhansk and Donetsk provinces combined are known as the Donbas, where Russian-backed separatists have been fighting Ukrainian forces since 2014 following Russia's annexation of Crimea from Ukraine.
"And just as actively as we are fighting for a positive decision by the European Union on Ukraine's candidate status, we are also fighting every day for modern weaponry for our country. We don't let up for a single day," Mr Zelenskiy said, urging those supporting his country to speed up arms deliveries.
In a symbolic decision, Ukraine is set to become an official candidate for European Union membership on Thursday, EU diplomats said.
Russia's failure to make a major breakthrough since invading Ukraine on February 24th means time is on the side of Ukrainians, according to some military analysts.
"It's a heavyweight boxing match. In 2 months of fighting, there has not yet been a knockout blow. It will come, as RU forces become more depleted," retired US Lieutenant General Mark Hertling, a former commander of U.S. ground forces in Europe, wrote on Twitter.
'Prepared provocations'
June 22nd is a significant date in Russia - the "Day of Remembrance and Sorrow" - marking when Hitler's Nazi Germany forces invaded the Soviet Union in World War Two. It is also commemorated in Ukraine and neighbouring Belarus, then part of the Soviet Union. The war there lasted 1,418 days from June 22nd, 1941, and historians estimate about 27 million Soviet soldiers and civilians were killed.
Russian president Vladimir Putin, who launched what he calls a "special military operation" in Ukraine to root out Nazis, is due to lay flowers to honour the dead.
The Ukrainian government and its Western backers say Putin has used a false pretext to wage an unprovoked war of aggression on its neighbour.
To mark the anniversary, the Russian defence ministry on Wednesday released documents dating back to the beginning of World War Two purporting to show Germany intended to claim the Soviet army was bombing churches and cemeteries to justify its invasion.
"Just as nowadays, in 1941, the Nazis prepared provocations in advance to discredit our state," Russia's defence ministry said.
Russian forces and separatists in eastern Ukraine made further advances on Tuesday, pushing towards the city of Lysychansk, the Ukrainian forces' main bastion in the Donbas.
In some of the bloodiest fighting seen in Europe since World War Two, Russia has made slow progress in the Donbas since April in a conflict that has cost thousands of soldiers' lives on both sides.
Bombardment
Some of the fighting has spanned the Siverskyi Donets river that curls through the Donbas, with Russian forces mainly on the east bank and Ukrainian forces mainly on the west.
But Ukrainian troops - and an estimated 500 civilians - are reportedly still holding out at a chemical plant in the east bank city of Sievierodonetsk, despite weeks of heavy bombardment.
The governor of Luhansk province, Serhiy Gaidai, confirmed that Toshkivka, a settlement on the west bank further south, was now controlled by Russian forces.
Oleskiy Arestovych, an adviser to Mr Zelenskiy, said Russian forces had also taken the village of Metyolkine and could cut off Lysychansk and Sievierodonetsk from Ukrainian-held territory.
"The threat of a tactical Russian victory is there, but they haven't done it yet," he said in a video posted online.
Attacks have picked up in the Kharkiv region in the northeast, with at least 15 civilians killed by Russian shelling, the governor said on Tuesday.
"Russian forces are now hitting the city of Kharkiv in the same way that they previously were hitting Mariupol - with the aim of terrorising the population," Mr Arestovych said. "The idea is to create one big problem to distract us and force us to divert troops. I think there will be an escalation."
Reuters could not immediately confirm the battlefield accounts.
In retaliation for Western sanctions, Russia has begun pumping reduced volumes of gas to Europe via Ukraine.
European Union states from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Adriatic in the south have outlined measures to cope with a supply crisis after the invasion put energy at the heart of an economic battle between Russia and the West.
Russia warned Lithuania on Tuesday it would face measures of a "serious negative impact" for blocking some shipments by rail to Russia's Baltic Sea enclave of Kaliningrad.
Fellow Baltic nation Estonia expressed solidarity with Lithuania and summoned the Russian ambassador to protest against an "extremely serious" violation of its airspace by a Russian helicopter.
