Tens of thousands of Catalan separatists have rallied in Barcelona.
It is an attempt by the march’s organisers to reignite the independence movement that is fraying as it nears the five-year anniversary of its failed breakaway bid from the rest of Spain.
For the past decade, the September 11 rally held on Catalonia’s main holiday has been the focal point of the north-east region’s separatist movement.
It has drawn in several hundreds of thousands of people clamouring to create a new country out of this corner of the western Mediterranean.
But the unity between pro-independence political parties and the civil society groups that led the October 2017 independence push, which received no international support and was quickly quashed, is in danger of falling apart.
The Catalan National Assembly (ANC), a civil group organising Sunday’s march, is strongly opposed to the talks that the Catalan government is holding with Spain’s central government in Madrid.
The influential organisation says it has lost faith in political parties and is ready to move on without them toward a new attempt at breaking with Spain.
That led Catalonia’s regional president, Pere Aragones, to announce he will be the first Catalan president to not attend the annual march, which separatists have used as a show of force.
Dolors Feliu, the president of ANC, told The Associated Press (AP) she hopes Sunday’s rally will serve as a wake-up call for Mr Aragones to cease negotiations with the central government since she is convinced that, if left to Spain, Catalonia will never be free.
“We understand that it has to be the people on the street and the institutions committed to independence who achieve independence and that the Spanish state will oppose us,” Ms Feliu said.
“If we wait for the approval of the Spanish state, we won’t get anywhere.”
Mr Aragones did participate in other events on the holiday, but other members of his Republican Left of Catalonia party endured jeers of “traitors” from spectators when they made the traditional offering of flowers at a monument to a Catalan nationalist in Barcelona in the morning.
Mr Aragones defends the ongoing talks with the government of Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez as vital.
He insists he will not renounce his pledge to hold another referendum on independence, but in the short term the talks are crucial to finding solutions for the dozens of Catalans who are in legal trouble for their role in the 2017 breakaway bid that was ruled illegal by Spanish courts.
Coinciding with the talks, Spain’s government issued pardons last year for nine Catalan separatist leaders who had been sentenced to long prison terms for leading the 2017 bid.
The infighting threatening Catalonia’s separatist cause comes while Scotland is seeking to hold a second independence referendum after the “No” vote won in 2014.
Catalan separatist parties won 52% of the votes in an election last year and maintained their hold on the regional parliament, but after years of extreme tensions and protests that turned violent in 2019, many people, especially the roughly half of Catalans who want to remain a part of Spain, are relieved there is a dialogue with central authorities.
There are divisions also between the separatist political parties that form Catalonia’s government.
The junior member of Mr Aragones’ government shares the ANC’s scepticism of the talks with Madrid.
Its leadership has publicly talked about leaving the government unless there is a stronger plan of action to force independence.
But no one, not the ANC or the more radical separatist parties, seem to be able to articulate exactly how they can achieve independence if not via an authorised referendum.
The 2017 bid was based on an unauthorised referendum on independence, and that only got the separatists into legal problems.
Historian Enric Ucelay-Da Cal, author of several books on Catalonia and its separatist movement, says this marks the low point of the current push.
“I think the whole movement is out on a limb,” Mr Ucelay-Da Cal told the AP.
“I don’t see the association movement being able to lead any better than the parties have done, because none of them are facing the real facts.
“They are not sizing up who they are. They are saying, ‘We are everybody’.”
He said the movement’s splintering is “just a hangover – you had the party and it didn’t work out”.
