Israel on Monday hosted the foreign ministers of four Arab nations and the United States in a bid to strengthen its position in a rapidly shifting Middle East.
The gathering brought together the top diplomats from all but one of the Arab countries that have normalised relations with Israel in US-mediated negotiations. That included three that signed the so-called Abraham Accords during the Trump administration in 2020.
Meeting at a resort in Israel’s southern Negev Desert, the ministers and Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, pledged to expand co-operation to include energy, environmental and security matters and try to bring others into the agreements.
“Just a few years ago this gathering would have been impossible to imagine,” Blinken said. “The United States has and will continue to strongly support a process that is transforming the region and beyond.”
Beyond the smiles and handshakes, a series of regional threats loomed over the gathering.
As the ministers gathered late on Sunday, two Islamic State group militants went on a deadly shooting rampage in central Israel, killing two young police officers.
Participants also repeatedly expressed misgivings over Iranian military behaviour across the region and the possible renewal of the international nuclear accord with Iran.
Meanwhile, Jordan’s king, whose government declined to participate in the foreign ministers’ meeting, instead visited the Israeli-occupied West Bank in solidarity with the Palestinians.
King Abdullah II’s high-profile visit, his first in nearly five years, and Jordan’s absence from the ministers’ meeting, were reminders that the Palestinian issue has not disappeared from the regional agenda. Jordan is a key Western ally and strong supporter of Palestinian statehood.
“The region cannot enjoy security and stability without a just and comprehensive solution to the Palestinian issue,” the king said as he met Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, who welcomed the visit. Neither leader mentioned the meeting hosted by Israel.
Palestinian prime minister, Mohammad Shtayyeh, tweeted that “Arab normalisation meetings” that do not end Israel’s military occupation of lands the Palestinians want for a state “are just an illusion, a mirage, and a free reward for Israel”.
Israeli Foreign Minister, Yair Lapid, said the group was “making history” as he announced the gathering would become an annual event. He said the countries were forming a partnership based on technology, religious tolerance, security and intelligence co-operation.
“This new architecture, the shared capabilities we are building, intimidates and deters our common enemies, first and foremost Iran and its proxies,” he said. “They certainly have something to fear. What will stop them is not hesitation or being conciliatory but rather determination and strength.”
The Arab ministers condemned Sunday night’s deadly shooting in the city of Hadera — but they also repeatedly said it was critical to address Israel’s decades-old Palestinian conflict.
“We did highlight the importance of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, importance of maintaining the credibility and viability of the two-state solution,” said Egypt’s foreign minister, Sameh Shoukry. “This an important issue.”
It was a message that was repeatedly echoed.
The Biden administration has urged Israel and the Palestinians to take steps to reduce tensions and create conditions for eventually renewing peace talks. But it has made clear that it has no immediate plans to press the sides to renew negotiations.
Israeli prime minister, Naftali Bennett, who heads a patchwork coalition of parties that have little in common, has said he opposes a Palestinian state and has no intention to restart peace talks. Instead, he has called for steps to improve economic conditions for the Palestinians to help reduce tensions and maintain calm.
The gathering comes as the Biden administration has been working to renew the 2015 international nuclear deal with Iran. The agreement placed curbs on Iran’s nuclear programme in exchange for billions of dollars in relief in sanctions relief.
With support from Israel, the Trump administration withdrew from the deal in 2018, causing it to unravel.
Although Iran has since raced ahead with its nuclear programme, Israel and Gulf Arab countries are deeply concerned about restoring the original deal.
Israel fears it does not include enough safeguards to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Both Israel and its Gulf allies also believe that relief from economic sanctions will allow Iran to step up its military activities across the region, including support for hostile militant groups.
Bahrain’s foreign minister, Abdullatif al-Zayani, said the need to co-operate was made “more urgent” by attacks by Iranian-backed militant groups and the unresolved nuclear issue.
“We need to put into practice the principles behind the accords, mainly those of dialogue, co-operation and mutual respect,” he said. “By doing so, we will demonstrate to the whole region what can be achieved by working together.”
Blinken sought to address the concerns about Iran on Sunday, saying that the US sees “eye to eye” with Israel on the goal of making sure Iran never builds a nuclear weapon.
“We are both committed, both determined that Iran will never acquire a nuclear weapon,” he said.
Underscoring regional anxieties, Israel’s government hastily arranged the meeting of top diplomats from Arab countries that have normalised relations with Israel. The two-day gathering, with Blinken, took place at the kibbutz in the Negev Desert where Israel’s founding father, David Ben-Gurion, retired and is buried.
Lapid on Monday visited Ben-Gurion’s grave with Blinken. But the Arab ministers did not join them, citing scheduling issues. Such a visit would have been a remarkable step given the sensitivities with the Palestinians over Israel’s establishment.
Palestinians blame Ben-Gurion for their “naqba”, or catastrophe, the term they use for the mass displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians during the war surrounding Israel’s establishment in 1948.
Blinken on Sunday also travelled to Ramallah in the occupied West Bank to meet with Palestinian leader, Mahmoud Abbas, and stress to him the US commitment to help the Palestinian people and encourage a resumption in long-stalled peace talks with Israel.
