Myanmar’s military staged a coup and detained senior politicians including Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, a sharp reversal of the significant, if uneven, progress toward democracy the Southeast Asian nation has made following five decades of military rule.
An announcement read on military-owned Myawaddy TV said the military would take control of the country for one year.
It said the seizure was necessary because the government had not acted on the military’s claims of fraud in November’s elections, in which Ms Suu Kyi’s ruling party won a majority of the parliamentary seats up for grabs, and because it allowed the election to go ahead despite the coronavirus pandemic.
The takeover came the morning the country’s new parliamentary session was to begin and follows days of concern that the military was plotting a coup.
The military maintains its actions are legally justified, citing a section of the constitution it drafted that allows it to take control in times of national emergency, though Ms Suu Kyi’s party spokesman as well as many international observers have said it amounts to a coup.
It was a dramatic backslide for Myanmar, which was emerging from decades of strict military rule and international isolation that began in 1962.
It was also a shocking fall from power for Ms Suu Kyi, a Nobel peace laureate who had lived under house arrest for years as she tried to push her country toward democracy and then became its de facto leader after her National League for Democracy won elections in 2015.
While Ms Suu Kyi had been a fierce antagonist of the army while under house arrest, since her release and return to politics, she has had to work with the country’s generals, who never fully gave up power.
The United States expresses grave concern regarding reports the Burmese military has detained multiple civilian government and civil society leaders. The military must reverse these actions immediately.
— Secretary Antony Blinken (@SecBlinken) February 1, 2021
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While the 75-year-old has remained wildly popular at home, Ms Suu Kyi’s deference to the generals, going so far as to defend their crackdown on Rohingya Muslims that the United States and others have labelled genocide, has left her reputation internationally in tatters.
For some, Monday’s takeover was seen as confirmation that the military holds ultimate power despite the veneer of democracy.
New York-based Human Rights Watch has previously described the clause in the constitution that the military invoked as a “coup mechanism in waiting”.
The coup presents a test for the international community, which had ostracised Myanmar while it was under military rule and then enthusiastically embraced Ms Suu Kyi’s government as a sign the country was finally on the path to democracy.
There will likely be calls for a reintroduction of at least some of the sanctions the country had long faced.
The first signs that the military was planning to seize power were reports that Ms Suu Kyi and Win Myint, the country’s president, had been detained before dawn.
Myo Nyunt, a spokesman for Ms Suu Kyi’s party, told the online news service The Irrawaddy that in addition to Ms Suu Kyi and the president, members of the party’s central executive committee, many of its politicians and other senior leaders had also been taken into custody.
Television signals were cut across the country and passenger flights were grounded, as was phone and internet access in Naypyitaw, the capital.
Phone service in other parts of the country was also reported down, though people were still able to use the internet in many areas.
As word of the military’s actions spread in Yangon, the country’s biggest city, there was a growing sense of unease among residents who earlier in the day had packed into cafes for breakfast and went about their morning shopping.
By midday, people were removing the bright red flags of Ms Suu Kyi’s party that once adorned their homes and businesses.
Queues formed at ATMs as people waited to take out cash, efforts that were being complicated by internet disruptions.
Workers at some businesses decided to go home.
Ms Suu Kyi’s party released a statement on one of its Facebook pages saying the military’s actions were unjustified and went against the constitution and the will of voters.
The statement urged people to oppose Monday’s “coup” and any return to “military dictatorship”.
It was not possible to confirm who posted the message as party members were not answering phone calls.
The military’s actions also received international condemnation and many countries called for the release of the detained leaders.
US secretary of state Anthony Blinken expressed “grave concern and alarm” over the reported detentions.
“We call on Burmese military leaders to release all government officials and civil society leaders and respect the will of the people of Burma as expressed in democratic elections,” he wrote in a statement, using Myanmar’s former name.
The office of the UN secretary-general called the developments as a “serious blow to democratic reforms.”
A list of people believed to have been detained, compiled by political activists, included several people who were not politicians, including activists as well as Ms Suu Kyi’s lawyer.
Those detentions could not be confirmed.
The military TV report said Commander-in-Chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing would be in charge of the country, while Vice President Myint Swe would be elevated to acting president.
Myint Swe is a former general best known for leading a brutal crackdown on Buddhist monks in 2007.
He is a close ally of Than Shwe, the junta leader who ruled Myanmar for nearly two decades.
In a later announcement, the military said an election would be held in a year and the military would hand power over to the winner.
The military justified its move by citing a clause in the 2008 constitution, implemented during military rule, that says in cases of national emergency, the government’s executive, legislative and judicial powers can be handed to the military commander-in-chief.
It is just one of many parts of the charter that ensured the military could maintain ultimate control over the country.
The military is allowed to appoint its members to 25% of seats in Parliament and it controls of several key ministries involved in security and defence.
In November polls, Ms Suu Kyi’s party captured 396 out of 476 seats up for actual election in the lower and upper houses of Parliament.
The military has charged that there was massive fraud in the election, particularly with regard to voter lists, though it has not offered any proof.
