A party with neo-fascist roots, the Brothers of Italy, has won the most votes in Italy’s national elections, near-final results show.
It looks set to deliver the country’s first far-right-led government since the Second World War and make its leader, Giorgia Meloni, Italy’s first woman premier.
Italy’s lurch to the far right immediately shifted Europe’s geopolitics, placing a eurosceptic party in position to lead a founding member of the European Union and its third-largest economy.
Right-wing leaders across Europe immediately hailed Ms Meloni’s victory and her party’s meteoric rise as sending a historic message to Brussels, while Italy’s left warned of “dark days” ahead and vowed to keep Italy in the heart of Europe.
Near-final results showed the centre-right coalition netting some 44% of the parliamentary vote, with Ms Meloni’s Brothers of Italy snatching some 26%.
Her coalition partners divided up the remainder, with the anti-immigrant League of Matteo Salvini winning 9% and the more moderate Forza Italia of ex-premier Silvio Berlusconi taking around 8%.
The centre-left Democratic Party and its allies had around 26%, while the 5-Star Movement — which had been the biggest vote-getter in 2018 Parliamentary elections — saw its share of the vote halved to some 15% this time around.
Turnout was a historic low 64%.
Pollsters suggested voters stayed home in protest, disenchanted by the backroom deals that had created the last three governments.
Ms Meloni, whose party traces its origins to the post-war, neo-fascist Italian Social Movement, tried to sound a unifying tone in a victory speech early on Monday, noting that Italians had finally been able to determine their leaders.
“If we are called to govern this nation, we will do it for everyone, we will do it for all Italians and we will do it with the aim of uniting the people,” Ms Meloni said.
“Italy chose us. We will not betray it as we never have.”
While the centre-right was the clear winner, the formation of a government is still weeks away and will involve consultations among party leaders and with President Sergio Mattarella.
In the meantime, outgoing Premier Mario Draghi remains in a caretaker role.
The elections, which took place some six months early after Mr Draghi’s government collapsed, came at a crucial time for Europe as it faces Russia’s war in Ukraine and the related soaring energy costs that have hit ordinary Italian pocketbooks as well as industry.
A Ms Meloni-led government is largely expected to follow Italy’s current foreign policy, including her pro-Nato stance and strong support for supplying Ukraine with weapons to defend against Russia’s invasion, even as her coalition allies stake a slightly different tone.
Both Mr Berlusconi and Mr Salvini have ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin.
While both have distanced themselves from his invasion, Mr Salvini has warned that sanctions against Moscow are hurting Italian industry, and even Mr Berlusconi has excused Mr Putin’s invasion as foisted on him by pro-Moscow separatists in the Donbas.
A bigger shift and one likely to cause friction with European powers is likely to come over migration.
Ms Meloni has called for a naval blockade to prevent migrant boats from leaving North African shores, and has proposed screening potential asylum-seekers in Africa, before they set out on smugglers’ boats to Europe.
Mr Salvini made it clear he wants the League to return to the interior ministry, where as minister he imposed a tough anti-migrant policy.
But he may face an internal leadership challenge after the League suffered an abysmal result of under 10%, with Ms Meloni’s party outperforming it in its north-eastern stronghold.
Mr Salvini acknowledged the League was punished for its governing alliances with the 5-Stars and then Mr Draghi, but said: “It’s a good day for Italy because it has five years of stability ahead of it.”
On relations with the European Union, analysts note that for all her eurosceptic rhetoric, Ms Meloni moderated her message during the campaign and has little room to manoeuvre given the economic windfall Italy is receiving from Brussels in coronavirus recovery funds.
Italy secured some 191.5 billion euros (£171 billion), the biggest chunk of the EU’s 750 billion-euro (£670 billion) recovery package, and is bound by certain reform and investment milestones it must hit to receive it all.
That said, Ms Meloni has criticised the EU’s recent recommendation to suspend 7.5 billion euros (£6.7 billion) in funding to Hungary over concerns about democratic backsliding, defending Viktor Orban as the elected leader in a democratic system.
Mr Orban’s political director, Balazs Orban, was among the first to congratulate Ms Meloni.
“In these difficult times, we need more than ever friends who share a common vision and approach to Europe’s challenges,” he tweeted.
French far-right leader Marine Le Pen praised Ms Meloni for having “resisted the threats of an anti-democratic and arrogant European Union”.
Santiago Abascal, the leader of Spain’s far-right Vox opposition party, tweeted that Ms Meloni “has shown the way for a proud and free Europe of sovereign nations that can cooperate on behalf of everybody’s security and prosperity”.
Ms Meloni is chairwoman of the right-wing European Conservative and Reformist group in the European Parliament, which gathers her Brothers of Italy, Poland’s Law and Justice Party, Spain’s Vox and the Sweden Democrats, which just won big in elections there on a platform of cracking down on crime and limiting immigration.
“The trend that emerged two weeks ago in Sweden was confirmed in Italy,” acknowledged Democratic Party leader Enrico Letta, calling Monday a “sad day for Italy, for Europe”.
“We expect dark days. We fought in every way to avoid this outcome,″ Mr Letta said at a somber press conference. While acknowledging the future of the party and his own future required reflection, he vowed: “The PD will not allow Italy to leave the heart of Europe.”
Thomas Christiansen, professor of political science at Rome’s Luiss University and the executive editor of the Journal of European Integration, noted that Italy has a tradition of pursuing a consistent foreign and European policy that is in some ways bigger than individual party interests.
“Whatever Meloni might be up to will have to be moderated by her coalition partners and indeed with the established consensus of Italian foreign policy,” Mr Christiansen said in an interview.
Ms Meloni proudly touts her roots as a militant in the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement (MSI), which was formed in the aftermath of the Second World War with the remnants of Benito Mussolini’s fascist supporters.
Ms Meloni joined in 1992 as a 15-year-old.
During the campaign, Ms Meloni was forced to respond after the Democrats used her party’s origins to paint her as a danger to democracy.
“The Italian Right has handed fascism over to history for decades now, unambiguously condemning the suppression of democracy and the ignominious anti-Jewish laws,” she said in a multilingual campaign video.
