The absence of Australian media from China for the first time in four decades comes during a low point in the two countries’ relations, and the events that led to the journalists’ departures were seen as evidence of an increasing risk to foreign journalists working in China.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Bill Birtles and The Australian Financial Review’s Michael Smith landed in Sydney on Tuesday after flying from Shanghai on Monday night, both news outlets reported.
Both journalists had sheltered in Australian diplomatic compounds in recent days.
They left after Australia revealed last week that Australian citizen Cheng Lei, a business news anchor for CGTN, China’s English language state media channel, had been detained.
Both journalists were told they were “persons of interest” in an investigation into Ms Cheng, The Australian Financial Review reported.
Seven uniformed police visited each journalist’s home in Beijing and Shanghai at 12.30am local time on Thursday, the newspaper said.
Mr Birtles said he knew Ms Cheng, “but not especially well”, and Mr Smith had met her once in his life.
“I believe the episode was more one of harassment of the remaining Australian journalists rather than a genuine effort to try and get anything useful for that case,” Mr Birtles said from his Sydney pandemic quarantine hotel room.
Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told reporters on Tuesday that Ms Cheng was “suspected of carrying out criminal activities endangering China’s national security”.
“Compulsory measures have been imposed on Cheng and she has recently been investigated by relevant authorities,” Mr Zhao said at a daily briefing.
As part of that investigation and in accordance with the law, China’s “relevant authority” demanded to question Mr Birtles and Mr Smith, “which is normal law enforcement”, Mr Zhao said.
He had no details on the circumstances of the departure of the two Australians, but said China protected the legitimate rights and interests of news gathering staff and they have the obligation to comply with the laws and regulations in China.
“As long as foreign journalists conduct news reporting in accordance with laws, they should have nothing to worry about,” Mr Zhao said.
Australian embassy officials in Beijing told Mr Birtles last week that he should leave China, ABC reported.
Mr Birtles was due to depart Beijing on Thursday and was holding a farewell party on Wednesday when police came to his apartment and told him he was banned from leaving the country, ABC said.
He was told he would be contacted on Thursday to organise a time to be questioned about a “national security case”, his employer said.
Mr Birtles went to the Australian embassy, where he spent four days while Australian and Chinese officials negotiated.
Mr Smith had similarly holed up at the Australian consulate in Shanghai.
Mr Birtles and Mr Smith both agreed to give police a brief interview in return for being allowed to leave the country.
This incident targeting two journalists, who were going about their normal reporting duties, is both regrettable and disturbing
Australian foreign minister Marise Payne said Ms Cheng’s detention was part of the reason her government had advised the journalists to leave.
She declined to detail all the reasons.
“It is disappointing that after many years, Australia will not have a media organisation present in China for some period of time,” Ms Payne said.
She said Australia would not retaliate by revoking the visas of Chinese journalists working in Australia.
“Australia operates according to law and in our national interests and unless individuals are breaching laws in Australia, then that would not be an approach that we would take,” Ms Payne said.
Australia’s travel warning of the risk of arbitrary detention in China “remains appropriate and unchanged”, she added.
ABC news director Gaven Morris said Mr Birtles was brought back to Australia on the Australian government’s advice.
“This bureau is a vital part of the ABC’s international news-gathering effort and we aim to get back there as soon as possible,” Mr Morris said.
These outrageous attacks on press freedom place any foreign correspondents reporting from China at risk
“The story of China, its relationship with Australia and its role in our region and in the world is one of great importance for all Australians and we want to continue having our people on the ground to cover it,” he added.
The newspaper’s editor-in-chief, Michael Stutchbury, and editor Paul Bailey described the situation as “disturbing”.
“This incident targeting two journalists, who were going about their normal reporting duties, is both regrettable and disturbing and is not in the interests of a co-operative relationship between Australia and China,” they said in a statement.
Relations between China and Australia were already strained by Australia outlawing covert interference in politics and banning communications giant Huawei from supplying critical infrastructure.
They have worsened since the Australian government called for an independent inquiry into the origins of and international responses to the coronavirus pandemic.
Australia’s journalist union Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance said China was no longer safe for foreign reporters.
“These outrageous attacks on press freedom place any foreign correspondents reporting from China at risk,” union president Marcus Strom said.
Mr Birtles told reporters at Sydney’s airport that his departure was a “whirlwind and … not a particularly good experience”.
“It’s very disappointing to have to leave under those circumstances and it’s a relief to be back in a country with genuine rule of law,” Mr Birtles said.
Mr Smith told his newspaper: “The late-night visit by police at my home was intimidating and unnecessary and highlights the pressure all foreign journalists are under in China right now.”
He said at the airport that he had felt “a little bit” threatened in China.
“It’s so good to be home, so happy, I can’t say any more at the moment, it’s such a relief to be home, so really happy,” Mr Smith said.
“It was a complicated experience but it’s great to be here,” he added.
The Foreign Correspondents’ Club of China strongly condemned what it called the government’s “unprecedented harassment and intimidation” of the two.
“This effort to keep foreign journalists in China against their will marks a significant escalation of an ongoing, sustained Chinese government assault on media freedoms,” the club said in a statement.
China expelled a record 17 foreign journalists in the first half of 2020 and recently delayed renewing the press cards of five others working for US outlets – putting them at risk of expulsion – in tit-for-tat retaliation for Washington’s limits on Chinese reporters operating in the US and delays in renewing the visas of others.
