Earth has sweltered through its hottest Northern Hemisphere summer ever measured, with a record warm August capping a season of brutal and deadly temperatures, according to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).
Last month was not only the hottest August scientists ever recorded by far with modern equipment, it was also the second hottest month measured, behind only July 2023, WMO and the European climate service Copernicus announced.
August was about 1.5C (2.7F) warmer than pre-industrial averages, which is the warming threshold that the world is trying not to pass.
But the 1.5C threshold is over decades — not just one month — so scientists do not consider that brief passage that significant.
The world’s oceans — more than 70% of the Earth’s surface — were the hottest ever recorded, nearly 21C (69.8F), and have set high temperature marks for three consecutive months, the WMO and Copernicus said.
“The dog days of summer are not just barking, they are biting,” United Nations secretary-general Antonio Guterres said in a statement. “Climate breakdown has begun.”
So far, 2023 is the second hottest year on record, behind 2016, according to Copernicus.
Scientists blame ever warming human-caused climate change from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas with an extra push from a natural El Nino, which is a temporary warming of parts of the Pacific Ocean that changes weather worldwide.
Usually an El Nino, which started earlier this year, adds extra heat to global temperatures but more so in its second year.
Climatologist Andrew Weaver said the numbers announced by the WMO and Copernicus come as no surprise, bemoaning how governments have not appeared to take the issue of global warming seriously enough. He expressed concern that the public will just forget the issue when temperatures fall again.
“It’s time for global leaders to start telling the truth,” said Mr Weaver, a professor at the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the University of Victoria in Canada.
“We will not limit warming to 1.5C; we will not limit warming to 2C. It’s all hands on deck now to prevent 3C global warming — a level of warming that will wreak havoc worldwide.”
Copernicus, a division of the European Union’s space programme, has records going back to 1940, but in the UK and the United States, global records go back to the mid-1800s and those weather and science agencies are expected to soon report that the summer was a record-breaker.
“What we are observing, not only new extremes but the persistence of these record-breaking conditions, and the impacts these have on both people and planet, are a clear consequence of the warming of the climate system,” Copernicus Climate Change Service Director Carlo Buontempo said.
Scientists have used tree rings, ice cores and other proxies to estimate that temperatures are now warmer than they have been in about 120,000 years. The world has been warmer before, but that was prior to human civilisation, seas were much higher and the poles were not icy.
So far, daily September temperatures are higher than what has been recorded before for this time of year, according to the University of Maine’s Climate Reanalyser.
While the world’s air and oceans were setting records for heat, Antarctica continued to set records for low amounts of sea ice, the WMO said.
