Iranians have reacted with both praise and concern over the attack on novelist Sir Salman Rushdie.
The Satanic Verses author, who was stabbed as he was about to give a lecture in New York state, has been the target of a decades-old fatwa by the late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini calling for his death.
It remains unclear why Sir Salman’s attacker, identified by police as Hadi Mattar of Fairview, New Jersey, stabbed the author on stage at an event in western New York.
Iran’s theocratic government and its state-run media have assigned no motive to the assault.
But in Tehran, some willing to speak to The Associated Press offered praise for the attack targeting a writer they believe tarnished the Islamic faith with his 1988 book The Satanic Verses.
In the streets of Iran’s capital, images of the late Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini still peer down at passers-by.
“I don’t know Salman Rushdie, but I am happy to hear that he was attacked since he insulted Islam,” said Reza Amiri, a 27-year-old deliveryman.
“This is the fate for anybody who insults sanctities.”
Others, however, expressed fears that Iran could become even more cut off from the world as tensions remain high over its tattered nuclear deal.
“I feel those who did it are trying to isolate Iran,” said Mahshid Barati, a 39-year-old geography teacher. “This will negatively affect relations with many – even Russia and China.”
Khomeini, in poor health in the last year of his life after the grinding, stalemate 1980s Iran-Iraq war decimated the country’s economy, issued the fatwa on Sir Salman in 1989.
The Islamic edict came amid a violent uproar in the Muslim world over the novel, which some viewed as blasphemously making suggestions about the Prophet Muhammad’s life.
“I would like to inform all the intrepid Muslims in the world that the author of the book entitled Satanic Verses … as well as those publishers who were aware of its contents, are hereby sentenced to death,” Khomeini said in February 1989, according to Tehran Radio.
'A book is a version of the world. If you do not like it, ignore it; or offer your own version in return.'
—Humanists UK patron and novelist Salman Rushdie on freedom of expression pic.twitter.com/VMutyElw7W— Humanists UK (@Humanists_UK) August 12, 2022
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He added: “Whoever is killed doing this will be regarded as a martyr and will go directly to heaven.”
Early on Saturday, Iranian state media made a point to note one man identified as being killed while trying to carry out the fatwa.
Lebanese national Mustafa Mahmoud Mazeh died when a book bomb he was carrying prematurely exploded in a London hotel on August 3 1989, just over 33 years ago.
At newstands on Saturday, front-page headlines offered their own takes on the attack.
The hard-line Vatan-e Emrouz’s main story covered what it described as: “A knife in the neck of Salman Rushdie.”
The reformist newspaper Etemad’s headline asked: “Salman Rushdie in neighbourhood of death?”
But the 15th Khordad Foundation — which placed the three million dollar (£2.4 million) bounty on Sir Salman – remained quiet at the start of the working week. Staff there declined to immediately comment to the AP, referring questions to an official not in the office.
The foundation, whose name refers to the 1963 protests against Iran’s former shah by Khomeini’s supporters, typically focuses on providing aid to the disabled and others affected by war.
But it, like other foundations known as “bonyads” in Iran funded in part by confiscated assets from the shah’s time, often serve the political interests of the country’s hard-liners.
Reformists in Iran, those who want to slowly liberalise the country’s Shia theocracy from inside and improve relations with the West, have sought to distance the country’s government from the edict.
Notably, reformist President Mohammad Khatami’s foreign minister in 1998 said that the “government disassociates itself from any reward which has been offered in this regard and does not support it”.
Sir Salman slowly began to re-emerge into public life around that time. But some in Iran have never forgotten the fatwa against him.
On Saturday, Mohammad Mahdi Movaghar, a 34-year-old Tehran resident, described having a “good feeling” after seeing the writer attacked.
Shocked to hear of the attack on Salman Rushdie in New York.
A champion of free speech and artistic freedom. He’s in our thoughts tonight.— Rishi Sunak (@RishiSunak) August 12, 2022
“This is pleasing and shows those who insult the sacred things of we Muslims, in addition to punishment in the hereafter, will get punished in this world too at the hands of people,” he said.
Others, however, worried the attack – regardless of why it was carried out – could hurt Iran as it tries to negotiate over its nuclear deal with world powers.
Since then-US president Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew America from the accord in 2018, Tehran has seen its rial currency plummet along with the wider economy.
Meanwhile, Tehran enriches uranium now closer than ever to weapons-grade levels amid a series of attacks across the Mideast.
“It will make Iran more isolated,” warned former Iranian diplomat Mashallah Sefatzadeh.
While fatwas can be revised or revoked, Iran’s current Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who took over after Khomeini, has never done so.
“The decision made about Salman Rushdie is still valid,” Khamenei said in 1989. “As I have already said, this is a bullet for which there is a target. It has been shot. It will one day sooner or later hit the target.”
As recently as February 2017, Khamenei was asked: “Is the fatwa on the apostasy of the cursed liar Salman Rushdie still in effect? What is a Muslim’s duty in this regard?”
Khamenei responded: “The decree is as Imam Khomeini issued.”
