A private company that uses satellites to spot sources of methane emissions has said that it detected one of the largest artificial releases of the potent greenhouse gas ever seen, coming from a coal mine in Russia earlier this year.
Montreal-based GHGSat said one of its satellites, known as Hugo, observed 13 methane plumes at the Raspadskaya mine in Siberia on January 14.
The incident probably resulted in about 90 metric tons of methane being emitted into the atmosphere in the space of an hour, the company calculated.
“This was a really, really dramatic emission,” said Brody Wight, GHGSat’s director of energy, landfills and mines.
Cutting down methane emissions caused by fossil fuel facilities has become a priority for governments seeking to take quick, effective steps against climate change.
That is because methane is a powerful heat-trapping gas, second only to carbon dioxide, which stays in the atmosphere for longer.
GHGSat said the plumes detected at Raspadskaya may have been released intentionally, as a safety measure, since the gas can seep out of mines and ignite with potentially deadly outcomes.
Two methane explosions and a fire killed 91 people at the mine in 2010, one of the worst such disasters in post-Soviet times.
Companies can prevent the uncontrolled release of methane through best practices. Captured gas can be burned as fuel, lessening its global-warming impact.
GHGSat said it measured further plumes over the mine during subsequent flyovers during the following weeks, though these did not reach the same “ultra emission” scale seen on January 14.
“Even if it’s only for a short period of time it doesn’t take long for this to be a significant emission,” said Mr Wight.
Manfredi Caltagirone, who heads the International Methane Emissions Observatory at the UN Environment Programme, said he was not aware of any bigger release of methane from a coal mine.
“If this event is the result of an accumulation of methane that has been then released all at once instead of over several days, the environmental impact would be the same as if a smaller plume was to be released constantly over several days,” said Mr Caltagirone, who was not involved in the GHGSat observation.
“But from a safety perspective it is worrisome,” he said, citing recent mine explosions in Poland that killed 13 people.
Still, the release was probably a very rare event or else other methane-measuring satellites would have picked them up too, said Mr Caltagirone.
GHGSat said it alerted the Raspadskaya mine operator to its findings, but received no response. The operator also did not respond to a request for comment from the Associated Press.
Several private and government satellites have been launched into orbit in recent years to help pinpoint methane leaks and raise awareness of the risks they pose to the climate and people’s health.
In one of the most publicised methane leaks in the United States, a 2015 blowout at a natural gas storage in California left residents of the San Fernando Valley ill and led to the evacuation of 8,000 homes.
