The US House and Senate on Tuesday plan to take sharply divergent paths in a high-stakes spending battle, with just five days remaining until a deadline that could force wide swaths of the government to shut down for the fourth time in a decade.
The Democratic-controlled Senate plans to vote on a stopgap funding bill with bipartisan support that would keep the federal government operating after current money runs out at midnight on Saturday (0400 GMT Sunday), giving negotiators more time to agree on full-year spending numbers.
Meanwhile, Republican House of Representatives speaker Kevin McCarthy, aiming to hold off a rebellion by hardline members of his own caucus, will push ahead with four full-year spending bills that reflect conservative priorities and stand no chance of becoming law.
Hundreds of thousands of federal workers will be furloughed and a wide range of services, from economic data releases to nutrition benefits, will be suspended beginning on Sunday if the two sides do not reach agreement. In Washington, the National Zoo says it would have to curtail its farewell party for three giant pandas before they return to China.
Congress has shut down the government 14 times since 1981, though most of those funding gaps have lasted only a day or two. Though disruptive, they have not had a significant impact on the world's largest economy.
Political polarisation
But Moody's warned on Monday that a shutdown this time would have negative implications for the US government's AAA credit rating, as it would highlight how political polarisation is worsening the country's fiscal standing.
Democratic president Joe Biden and Mr McCarthy had aimed to head off a shutdown this year when they agreed in May, at the end of a standoff over the federal debt ceiling, to discretionary spending of $1.59 trillion for the fiscal year beginning October 1st.
Lawmakers on Mr McCarthy's right flank have since rejected that number, demanding $120 billion in cuts, even as more moderate members of their party including top Senate Republicans voiced support for the agreed-on plan.
That only accounts for a fraction of the total US budget, which will come to $6.4 trillion for this fiscal year. Lawmakers are not considering cuts to popular benefit programs like Social Security and Medicare, which are projected to grow dramatically as the population ages.
Republicans control the House by a narrow 221-212 majority and have few votes to spare, particularly since some Republican hardliners have threatened to move to oust Mr McCarthy from his leadership role if he relies on Democratic votes to pass legislation.
'Paying the price'
Mr Biden himself has called on House Republicans to honour Mr McCarthy's deal.
"Just a few months ago the speaker of the House and I agreed to spending levels of the government," Mr Biden said. "Now a small group of extreme House Republicans, they don't want to live up to that deal, and everyone in America could be faced with paying the price for it."
Despite the looming shutdown deadline, the House will turn its attention first to the four full-year bills, which even if they pass would not fund the full government or prevent a shutdown. Success is not guaranteed: Republican hardliners blocked action on spending bills last week and some have said they would try to do so again.
If Mr McCarthy surmounts that first obstacle, debate could consume most of the week, leaving little time to hammer out a stopgap bill before Sunday.
Republican Representative Ralph Norman, a member of the hardline House Freedom Caucus, said on Monday he was "100 per cent" certain that Congress would not be able to keep the government open.
I always like the ball at the last second.
Mr McCarthy said he was more optimistic. "I'm working everything we can to make sure this doesn't happen," he told reporters on Monday. "I always like the ball at the last second."
How that might play out is unclear at this point. If the Senate passes a stopgap funding bill, Mr McCarthy could allow a vote in the House, where it could pass with support from Democrats and more pragmatic Republicans.
But that could prompt Republican hardliners to act on their threat to depose Mr McCarthy, plunging the chamber further into chaos.
Former US president Donald Trump, the front-runner for the 2024 Republican nomination, has been cheering on the shutdown talk, saying on his Truth social media site, "UNLESS YOU GET EVERYTHING, SHUT IT DOWN!"
