Spain has officially entered a period of long-term drought – owing to high temperatures and low rainfall over the past three years – and likely faces another year of heatwaves and forest fires.
The country’s Aemet weather agency said on Friday that statistics show Spain entered a long-duration drought at the end of 2022 and the first three months of 2023 show no major signs of change.
“The first available predictions for the summer of 2023 point to a likely situation of temperatures once again above normal,” said Aemet spokesman Ruben del Campo, adding that, this summer, “the risk of fires could be very high given the high temperatures”.
But Spain has experienced severe droughts before, Mr Del Campo said, in 2017, 2005 and at the end of the 1990s and ’80s.
“To put it in context, we’re in a drought but there have been worse droughts, which is not to say this will not be important,” he told a press conference.
Aemet says Spain is geographically prone to high temperatures and drought but climate change is key factor.
Mr Del Campo said Spain has warmed 1.3 degrees Celsius since the 1960s, a warming that is noticeable all year round but especially in summer, when average temperatures have risen by 1.6 degrees.
He said such an increase may not appear too big but “when we talk about a scenario as large as the Iberian Peninsula, half a million square kilometres, annual data, this trend translates into many more hours of heat”, which he said have doubled in the last 10 to 12 years compared to the number of heat hours of previous years.
Last year was Spain’s sixth driest year and the hottest since 1961, when records began.
Rainfall was 16% below average and daily temperatures averaged above 15 degrees Celsius for the first time.
However, December was among the wettest in recent years, improving the situation considerably.
The recent rains have boosted water reserves in reservoirs to 51% capacity, way above the dangerously low of less than 35% in late 2022.
But at least two areas, most noticeably Spain’s northeastern Catalonia around Barcelona, are suffering severe shortages.
Spain’s Ecological Transition Ministry says that while the situation is “worrying” there are no current drinking water restrictions in any part and none are envisaged this year.
Localised agricultural and industrial water restrictions may occur, as in the case in Catalonia which since November 2022 has had to restrict water use in agriculture and industry.
Potable water is forbidden for use in washing cars or filling swimming pools.
Land heatwaves have become commonplace in many countries around the Mediterranean, with dramatic side effects like wildfires, droughts, crop losses and uncomfortably high temperatures.
