It is a new step in the difficult and contentious process of establishing when people arrived in North America from Asia.
Presently, the most widely accepted dates for the earliest known North American archaeological sites date to before 15,000 years ago and extend maybe to 17,000 years ago, said anthropology professor Tom Dillehay, of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.
He was not involved in the cave study.
In Wednesday’s issue of the journal Nature, scientists reported on artefacts found in a mountain cave in the state of Zacatecas in north-central Mexico.
Ciprian Ardelean, of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, and others said they found stone tools and debris from tool-making that they dated back as far as 26,500 years ago.
There is some indication that some artefacts go back beyond 30,000 years, but so far the evidence is not strong enough to make a firm claim, Mr Ardelean said.
He said he believed people probably used the cave as a winter shelter for short periods of time.
His team was unable to recover any human DNA from the cave.
Prof Dillehay said the proposed date for the artefacts may be valid if it stands up to further scrutiny.
But he suspects they are not more than 20,000 years old and most likely fall in the range of 15,000 to 18,000 years old.
He does not question that some of the artefacts are probably man-made, but said he would like to see other evidence of human occupation of the cave, such as hearths, butchered bones and burned edible plant remains.
In a Nature commentary, Ruth Gruhn, a professor emerita of anthropology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, said the results should bring fresh consideration of six Brazilian sites proposed to be older than 20,000 years.
Those age estimates are now “commonly disputed or simply ignored by most archaeologists as being much too old to be real”, she wrote.
