Attention focused in particular on last Saturday’s White House event introducing Mr Trump’s Supreme Court nominee, with several attendees announcing they had tested positive for the virus.
Among them are former White House counsellor Kellyanne Conway, the president of the University of Notre Dame, and at least two Republican legislators – Utah Senator Mike Lee and North Carolina Senator Thom Tillis.
Though the ceremony announcing Judge Amy Coney Barrett’s nomination was held outdoors, attendees sat closely together and few wore masks.
Some also mingled at a smaller event inside the White House.
The White House said Mr Trump’s expected stay of “a few days” at Walter Reed National Military Medical Centre was precautionary and he would continue to work from the hospital’s presidential suite, which is equipped to allow him to keep up his official duties.
The White House physician said he was being treated with remdesivir, an antiviral medication, after taking another experimental drug at the White House.
The decision for the president to leave the White House for the hospital capped a day of drama in Washington on Friday.
The president, who has spent months playing down the threat of the virus, was forced to cancel all campaign events a month before the election as he fought a virus that has killed more than 205,000 Americans and is hitting others in his orbit as well.
Mr Trump walked out of the White House on Friday evening wearing a mask and gave a thumbs-up to reporters but did not speak before boarding Marine One.
Members of the aircrew, Secret Service agents and White House staff wore face coverings to protect themselves from the president onboard the helicopter.
In a video taped before leaving for Walter Reed, Mr Trump said: “I think I’m doing very well, but we’re going to make sure that things work out.”
“Going well, I think! Thank you to all. LOVE!!!” he wrote in his first tweet from the hospital on Friday night.
Mr Trump first revealed that he had tested positive in a tweet at about 1am on Friday – hours after he returned from a Thursday afternoon political fundraiser.
He had gone ahead to the event, saying nothing to the crowd though knowing he had been exposed to an aide with the disease that has infected millions in America and killed more than one million people worldwide.
First Lady Melania Trump also tested positive and has said she has mild symptoms.
She is believed to be isolating at the White House.
Also testing positive were Mr Trump’s campaign manager, Bill Stepien, who has “mild flu-like symptoms”.
On Saturday, Senator Ron Johnson of Wisconsin became the third Senate Republican to publicly confirm testing positive in the current spate of infections, although Mr Johnson was not at last week’s Rose Garden event.
Mr Trump’s diagnosis came during an already turbulent period in Washington and around the world, with the US gripped in a heated presidential election and the pandemic taking a heavy human and economic toll.
His immediate campaign events were all cancelled, and his next debate with Democrat Joe Biden, scheduled for October 15, is now in question.
Mr Trump has been trying all year – and as recently as Wednesday – to convince the American public that the worst of the pandemic is past, and he has consistently played down concerns about being personally vulnerable.
He has mostly refused to abide by basic public health guidelines – including those issued by his own administration – such as wearing face coverings in public and practising social distancing.
Until he tested positive, he continued to hold campaign rallies that drew thousands of often maskless supporters.
“I felt no vulnerability whatsoever,” he told reporters back in May.
With the election coming up in a month, he is urging states and cities to “reopen” and reduce or eliminate shutdown rules despite continuing virus outbreaks.
The White House tried to maintain an atmosphere of business as usual on Friday.
“President Trump remains in good spirts, has mild symptoms, and has been working throughout the day,” said press secretary Kayleigh McEnany.
“Out of an abundance of caution, and at the recommendation of his physician and medical experts, the president will be working from the presidential offices at Walter Reed for the next few days.”
The president’s physician said in a memo that Mr Trump received a dose of an experimental antibody combination by Regeneron that is in clinical trials.
Navy commander Dr Sean Conley said Mr Trump “remains fatigued but in good spirits” and that a team of experts was evaluating both the president and first lady in regard to next steps.
Late on Friday, Dr Conley issued an update that said Mr Trump is “doing very well” and is “not requiring any supplemental oxygen”.
But he said that, “in consultation with specialists we have elected to initiate remdesivir therapy”, an antiviral medication.
“He has completed his first dose and is resting comfortably,” the doctor wrote.
The first lady, who is 50, has a “mild cough and headache”, Dr Conley reported, and the remainder of the first family, including the Trumps’ son Barron, who lives at the White House, tested negative.
Mr Trump is 74 years old and clinically obese, putting him at higher risk of serious complications from a virus that has infected more than seven million people nationwide.
Both Mr Biden and his running mate Kamala Harris have tested negative, their campaign said.
Vice president Mike Pence tested negative for the virus on Friday morning and “remains in good health”, his spokesman said.
Mr Pence was to resume his campaign schedule after his test.
Ms Barrett, who was with Mr Trump and many others on Saturday and has been in a Capitol Hill meeting with legislators, also tested negative, the White House said.
It was confirmed that she had a mild case of Covid earlier this year and has now recovered.
Many White House and senior administration officials were undergoing tests, but the full scale of the outbreak around the president may not be known for some time as it can take days for an infection to be detectable by a test.
Officials with the White House Medical Unit were tracing the president’s contacts.
Mr Trump’s handling of the pandemic has already been a flashpoint in his race against Mr Biden, who spent much of the summer off the campaign trail and at his home in Delaware, citing concern about the virus.
Mr Biden has since resumed a more active campaign schedule, but with small, socially distanced crowds.
He also regularly wears a mask in public, something Mr Trump mocked him for at Tuesday night’s debate.
“I don’t wear masks like him,” Mr Trump said.
“Every time you see him, he’s got a mask. He could be speaking 200 feet away from me, and he shows up with the biggest mask I’ve ever seen.”
