Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has triumphantly walked the streets of the newly liberated city of Kherson, hailing Russia’s withdrawal as the “beginning of the end of the war”.
But he also acknowledged the heavy price Ukrainian troops are paying in their grinding effort to push back the invaders.
The retaking of Kherson was one of Ukraine’s biggest successes in the nearly nine-month-old war, dealing another stinging blow to the Kremlin.
It could serve as a springboard for more advances into occupied territory.
US President Joe Biden called it a “significant victory” for Ukraine.
“I can do nothing but applaud the courage, determination and capacity of the Ukrainian people, the Ukrainian military,” he said on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Indonesia.
“They’ve really been amazing. … we’re going to continue to provide the capability for the Ukrainian people to defend themselves.”
Large parts of eastern and southern Ukraine are still under Russian control, and the city of Kherson itself remains within reach of Moscow’s shells and missiles.
Heavy fighting continued elsewhere in Ukraine.
Russia’s state news agency RIA Novosti reported the town of Oleshky, in Russian-held territory across the river from Kherson, came under heavy artillery fire.
In Kherson, Mr Zelensky awarded medals to soldiers and posed with them for selfies while striking a defiant note.
“This is the beginning of the end of the war,” he said.
“We are step by step coming to all the temporarily occupied territories.”
But he also grimly noted that the fighting “took the best heroes of our country”.
The end of Russia’s occupation of the city – the only provincial capital seized since Russia’s invasion in February – has sparked days of celebration.
But with winter approaching, its remaining 80,000 residents are without heat, water and electricity, and short on food and medicine.
Mr Zelensky says the city is laced with booby traps and mines.
And Ukrainian authorities say there are signs of atrocities emerging, just as in other liberated areas.
Russian forces “destroyed everything in their path, wrecked the entire electricity network”, Mr Zelensky said.
Communications operators said cellular telephone service was being restored and the regional governor said a public wireless internet access point would begin working on Tuesday.
The Institute for the Study of War said Ukraine has won “an important victory” in recapturing the city and other areas west of the Dnieper River, but the Washington-based think tank noted that “it has by no means liberated the minimum territory essential to its future security and economic survival”.
Nato secretary-general Jens Stoltenberg, while visiting The Hague, warned that “we should not make the mistake of underestimating Russia”.
“The Russian armed forces retain significant capability as well as a large number of troops, and Russia has demonstrated their willingness to bear significant losses,” he said.
In Ankara, Turkey, CIA director Bill Burns met with his Russian intelligence counterpart, Sergei Naryshkin, to underscore the consequences if Moscow were to deploy a nuclear weapon in Ukraine, according to a White House National Security Council official.
The official, who was not authorised to comment publicly and spoke on the condition of anonymity, said Mr Burns and Mr Naryshkin, the head of Russia’s SVR spy agency, did not discuss settlement of the war.
Their meeting was the highest ranking face-to-face engagement between US and Russian officials since before Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered the invasion.
While US officials for months have warned of the prospect that Russia could use weapons of mass destruction in Ukraine amid battlefield setbacks, Biden administration officials have repeatedly said nothing has changed in US intelligence assessments to suggest that Mr Putin has imminent plans to deploy nuclear weapons.
Mr Zelensky’s trip to Kherson was another in a series of unexpected visits to frontline areas at crucial moments of the war.
This was laden with symbolism and the common touch – clearly aimed at boosting the morale of soldiers and civilians alike.
In a video, a visibly moved Mr Zelensky stood with his hand on his heart and sang the national anthem in Kherson as troops saluted and stood at attention.
A soldier steadily raised the yellow-and-blue Ukrainian flag.
People with flags draped around their shoulders cheered, cried and shouted in gratitude as Mr Zelensky walked by.
“It’s amazing. We’ve been waiting for him for nine months. Thank you,” said resident Danila Yuhrenko.
Serhii Yukhmchuk, 47, said he and his wife spent the occupation mostly at home to avoid interacting with the Russians and protested by refusing to use the Russian rouble as currency.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov refused to comment on Mr Zelensky’s visit, saying only that “you know that it is the territory of the Russian Federation”.
Russia illegally annexed the Kherson region and three other Ukrainian provinces earlier this year, in addition to annexing the Crimean Peninsula in 2014.
In his Sunday night address, Mr Zelensky said that “investigators have already documented more than 400 Russian war crimes, and the bodies of both civilians and military personnel have been found”.
“In the Kherson region, the Russian army left behind the same atrocities as in other regions of our country,” he said.
“We will find and bring to justice every murderer. Without a doubt.”
Residents said Russian troops plundered the city and wrecked key infrastructure before retreating across the wide Dnieper River to its east bank last week.
Reconnecting the electricity supply is the priority, regional governor Yaroslav Yanushevych said.
The arrival of winter is making the situation more difficult, with Mr Stoltenberg saying that Mr Putin is aiming “to leave Ukraine cold and dark this winter”.
Mr Biden said he expected things to slow down somewhat militarily “because of the winter months and the inability to move as easily around”.
In the past two months, Ukraine’s military claimed to have retaken dozens of towns and villages north of the city of Kherson, which is a key gateway to the Crimean Peninsula to the south.
But the grinding war continued – with shelling, civilian casualties and each side reporting gains.
The Russian Defence Ministry said its forces had completely captured the village of Pavlivka in the eastern Donetsk region.
Multiple Ukrainian officials have reported heavy battles in the area in recent weeks.
In Luhansk, another eastern region annexed by Moscow, Kyiv’s forces have retaken 12 settlements, said regional governor Serhiy Haidai.
