This year is all but certain to be the hottest on record, the UN weather agency said as it warned that worrying trends suggest increasing floods, wildfires, glacier melt and heatwaves in the future.
The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) said the average temperature for the year is up some 1.4C from pre-industrial times – a mere one-tenth of a degree under a target limit for the end of the century as laid out by the Paris climate accord in 2015.
The WMO’s secretary-general said the onset earlier this year of El Nino, the weather phenomenon marked by heating in the Pacific Ocean, could tip the average temperature next year over the 1.5C target cap set in Paris.
“It’s practically sure that during the coming four years we will hit this 1.5, at least on temporary basis,” Petteri Taalas said.
“And in the next decade we are more or less going to be there on a permanent basis.”
The WMO issued the findings for Thursday’s start of the UN’s annual climate conference, this year being held in the oil-rich United Arab Emirates city of Dubai.
The UN agency said the benchmark of the key Paris accord goal will be whether the 1.5C increase is sustained over a 30-year span – not just a single year – but others say the world needs more clarity on that.
“Clarity on breaching the Paris agreement guard rails will be crucial,” said Richard Betts of the UK’s Met Office, the lead author of a new paper on the issue with University of Exeter published in the journal Nature.
“Without an agreement on what actually will count as exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius, we risk distraction and confusion at precisely the time when action to avoid the worst effects of climate change becomes even more urgent,” he added.
The WMO’s Mr Taalas said that whatever the case, the world appears on course to blow well past that figure anyway.
“We are heading towards 2.5 to 3 degrees warming and that would mean that we would see massively more negative impacts of climate change,” Mr Taalas said, pointing to glacier loss and sea level rise over “the coming thousands of years”.
The nine years 2015 to 2023 were the warmest on record, the WMO said. Its findings for this year run through October but it says the last two months are not likely to be enough to keep 2023 from being a record-hot year.
Still, there are “some signs of hope” – including a turn toward renewable energies and more electric cars, which help reduce the amount of carbon that is spewed into the atmosphere, trapping heat inside, Mr Taalas said.
His message for attendee at the UN climate conference, known as Cop28, is: “We have to reduce our consumption of coal, oil and natural gas dramatically to be able to limit the warming to the Paris limits,” he said.
“Luckily, things are happening. But still, we in the western countries, in the rich countries, we are still consuming oil, a little bit less coal than in the past, and still natural gas.
“Reduction of fossil fuel consumption – that’s the key to success.”
