People who have had Covid-19 are highly unlikely to contract it again for at least six months after the first infection, according to a study of healthcare workers on the frontline.
The findings should offer some reassurance for the more than 51 million people worldwide who have been infected with the disease, researchers at the University of Oxford said.
"This is really good news, because we can be confident that, at least in the short term, most people who get Covid-19 won’t get it again," said David Eyre, a professor at Oxford's Nuffield Department of Population Health who co-led the study.
Senior World Health Organisation (WHO) officials have welcomed the study's findings.
It also gives us hope on the vaccine side
"We are seeing sustained levels of immune response in humans so far," Mike Ryan, the WHO's top emergency expert, told a news conference. "It also gives us hope on the vaccine side."
Maria van Kerkhove, the WHO's technical lead on Covid-19, added: "We still need to follow these individuals for a longer period of time to see how long immunity lasts."
Isolated cases
Isolated cases of re-infection with Covid-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, had raised concerns that immunity might be short-lived and that recovered patients may swiftly fall sick again.
But the results of this study, carried out in a cohort of UK healthcare workers - who are among those at highest risk of contracting the disease - suggest cases of reinfection are likely to remain extremely rare.
"Being infected with Covid-19 does offer protection against re-infection for most people for at least six months," Prof Eyre said.
"We found no new symptomatic infections in any of the participants who had tested positive for antibodies."
We will continue to follow this cohort of staff carefully to see how long protection lasts
The study, part of a major staff testing programme, covered a 30-week period between April and November 2020. Its results have not peer-reviewed by other scientists but were published before review on the MedRxiv website.
During the study, 89 of 11,052 staff without antibodies developed a new infection with symptoms, while none of the 1,246 staff with antibodies developed a symptomatic infection.
Staff with antibodies were also less likely to test positive for Covid-19 without symptoms, the researchers said, with 76 without antibodies testing positive, compared to only three with antibodies. Those three were all well and did not develop Covid-19 symptoms, they added.
"We will continue to follow this cohort of staff carefully to see how long protection lasts and whether previous infection affects the severity of infection if people do get infected again," Prof Eyre said.
