Democrat Kamala Harris and Republican Donald Trump met on Tuesday for their first and perhaps only debate, a square-off that could have a significant impact on the November 5th election as polls show a tight race.
Here are takeaways from the debate:
Riling her rival
Ms Harris made a point to get under Mr Trump's skin, as her campaign had forecast - and it worked.
She urged viewers to attend a Trump rally, where she said Mr Trump would say bizarre things such as windmills cause cancer (something he has, in fact, said) and where, she taunted, attendees would leave out of exhaustion and boredom (something they have, in fact, done).
Mr Trump, who prides himself on the crowds he draws, was clearly riled.
"My rallies, we have the biggest rallies, the most incredible rallies in the history of politics," he said. He accused Ms Harris of busing in attendees to her rallies.
Mr Trump then falsely claimed that immigrants in the country illegally were killing and eating people's pets in the city of Springfield, Ohio, an unsubstantiated assertion that has circulated on social media and been amplified by Mr Trump's vice presidential running mate JD Vance.
"In Springfield, they're eating the dogs! The people that came in, they're eating the cats!" Mr Trump said. "They're eating the pets of the people that live there."
City officials in Springfield have said those reports are untrue, which the ABC moderators pointed out after Mr Trump’s comments.
"Talk about extreme," Ms Harris responded, laughing.
Playing defence
Another of Ms Harris’ goals, as a former California prosecutor, was to call Mr Trump out for his past actions, particularly his efforts to overturn the 2020 election.
An hour into the debate, her strategy appeared to be paying off. Mr Trump was continually on the defensive.
Asked about the January 6th, 2021, siege of the US Capitol, he insisted he “had nothing to do with that, other than they asked me to make a speech". He also maintained, falsely, that he had won the 2020 election.
Ms Harris used Mr Trump's actions as an argument for the country to turn the page, which she would do throughout the evening.
"Donald Trump was fired by 81 million people, so let's be clear about that, and clearly he is having a very difficult time processing that, but we cannot afford to have a president of the United States who attempts as he did in the past to upend the will of the voters in a free and fair election,” Ms Harris said.
The vice president dug at Mr Trump a little more, saying world leaders were “laughing” at him and calling him a disgrace – language that Mr Trump has employed himself at rallies in reference to how he says other countries view president Joe Biden.
A few minutes later, Mr Trump erupted, claiming Ms Harris had received “no votes” in claiming the Democratic nomination and suggesting she replaced Mr Biden as part of some sort of coup.
“He hates her,” Mr Trump said of Mr Biden. “He can’t stand her.”
The exchanges may have aided Ms Harris' argument that Mr Trump, as she put it, lacks the “temperament” to be president.
'Weaponised' justice
Mr Trump and Ms Harris accused each other of conspiring to "weaponise" the US Justice Department in a bid to go after their enemies.
Mr Trump said the indictments he faces for conspiring to overturn his 2020 election loss and for his mishandling of classified documents - as well as his conviction for forging documents related to hush money payments to a porn star - are all the result of a conspiracy cooked up by Ms Harris and Mr Biden. There is no evidence for that assertion.
Ms Harris shot back by pointing out that Mr Trump has promised to prosecute his enemies if he wins a second term.
"Understand this is someone who has openly said he would terminate, I'm quoting, terminate the Constitution," Ms Harris said.
The heated exchange underlined how Ms Harris and Mr Trump see the stakes of this election as existential. Both claimed their opponent to be a threat to democracy itself.
Racial divide
Deep into the debate, the long-simmering topic of race came up. Mr Trump was asked why he had publicly questioned Ms Harris’ dual heritage as a Black and South Asian woman.
“I don’t care what she is,” he responded. “I read that she was Black. Then I read that she was not Black.”
Asked to respond, Ms Harris accused Mr Trump of using race to divide Americans throughout his career.
She cited how he and his father turned away Black renters in the 1970s and how Mr Trump led the public outcry against five young Black and Latino men who were wrongly convicted of assaulting a jogger in New York City's Central Park in 1989.
He also has openly questioned whether president Barack Obama, who was born in the United States, was an American citizen, Ms Harris noted.
"I think it's a tragedy that we have someone who wants to be president who has, consistently, over the course of his career, attempted to use race to divide the American people," she said.
"I think the American people want better than that," Ms Harris added. "We don't want a leader who is constantly trying to have Americans point their fingers at each other."
Instead of trying to defend his record, Mr Trump pivoted back to the economy and sought to pin Mr Biden’s economic policies on Ms Harris. “She’s trying to get away from Biden,” he said.
Handshake
Heading into the debate, there was a question as to how Ms Harris and Mr Trump, who have never met, would greet each other.
Ms Harris settled the issue, definitively. She walked over to Mr Trump at his podium, extended her hand and introduced herself as “Kamala Harris".
It was an assertive way to approach a man who has spent weeks insulting her with racist and sexist attacks. Mr Trump had no choice but to accept the gesture.
Sparring on the economy
In the debate’s opening minutes, Mr Trump and Ms Harris went to battle on one of the issues that is top of mind for voters: the economy.
Ms Harris detailed the economic policies she has rolled out in recent weeks, which include a substantial tax credit for small start-ups. Mr Trump focused his comments on tariffs, saying he would protect the American economy from unfair foreign competition.
While both sides got their jabs in, Ms Harris got to speak first on a topic where she trails Mr Trump in terms of voter trust.
She appeared to force the former president onto his back foot, and Mr Trump essentially played defence on one of his strongest issues. "She doesn't have a plan," Mr Trump said, after Ms Harris' opening comments. "It's like Run, Spot, Run."
A schism on abortion
The two candidates also engaged in a fractious debate about abortion, an issue where polls show Ms Harris has the upper hand.
Mr Trump defended the US Supreme Court’s 2022 ruling that ended constitutional protection for abortion and sent the issue back to individual states, arguing, incorrectly, that it was an outcome desired by both Republicans and Democrats. Democrats have long supported a constitutional right to abortion.
“I did a great service in doing it. It took courage to do it,” Mr Trump said.
Mr Trump contended that some states allow babies to be aborted after birth, a point corrected by ABC News moderator, Linsey Davis.
Ms Harris flashed some outrage at Mr Trump’s assertion that abortion becoming a states-rights issue was a popular result, referring to states that have passed restrictive bans.
“This is what people wanted?” Ms Harris asked. “People being denied care in an emergency room because healthcare providers are being afraid of being hauled off to jail?"
Mr Trump was asked whether he would veto a federal abortion ban if one were passed by Congress. He insisted a federal ban would never happen.
Worlds apart
One of the most heated policy discussions came when Mr Trump and Ms Harris clashed over how they would handle Russia's ongoing invasion of Ukraine.
The candidates' responses revealed the degree to which their views on America's role in the world fundamentally differ.
Mr Trump refused to say he wanted Ukraine to win the war, even as ABC moderator David Muir pushed him on the point, saying only that he wanted to wrap up the conflict as soon as possible. Ms Harris shot back, arguing that what Mr Trump really wanted was Ukraine's quick and unconditional capitulation.
"If Donald Trump were president, (Russian President Vladimir) Putin would be sitting in Kyiv right now," Ms Harris said.
She also pushed back at Mr Trump's claim she had been sent by Mr Biden to talk to Putin to resolve the conflict.
Ms Harris has never met with Putin, but has met several times with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskiy.
"I said at the beginning of this debate, you're going to hear a bunch of lies coming from this fellow, and that is another one," Ms Harris said.
